Scientific evidence: information gathered from scientific research. Policy-making: the process of formulating new policies. Evidence-based policy: policy backed up by a solid body of scientific research or derived from or informed by objective evidence. Foresight: the ability to see what will/might happen in the future and to use this to prepare for the future. Foresight methods: practices that support being proactive in view of events that might possibly happen in the future, for example, horizon scanning or scenario planning techniques. Horizon-scanning: a systematic process of scanning trends, possible developments, or changes.

(See the European Parliament Briefing: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/690529/EPRS_BRI(2021)690529_EN.pdf)

Open Science: “open science sets a new paradigm that integrates into the scientific enterprise practices for reproducibility, transparency, sharing and collaboration resulting from the increased opening of scientific contents, tools and processes.” (UNESCO. (2021). UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379949)

Generative Artificial Intelligence: “ Lorenz, P., K. Perset and J. Berryhill (2023), “Initial policy considerations for generative artificial intelligence”, OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers, No. 1, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/fae2d1e6-en.

Generative AI systems create content based on training data and in response to user prompts.